Nickel sulfide concentrates are critical materials for the production of metallic nickel. The disadvantages associated with the conventional nickel extraction process are the considerable amounts of sulfur dioxide emissions in the smelting process and the complex Ni refining steps to produce a marketable product. The authors proposed a novel thermal …
Electric smelting requires a roast- ing step before smelting to reduce sulfur content and volatiles. Older nickel-smelting processes, such as blast or reverberatory furnaces, are no longer acceptable because of low energy efficien- cies and environmental concerns.
The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to ...
This review outlines metallurgical processes for nickel production from various nickel sulfide ores resources, particularly focusing on recent developments in metallurgical processes to identify potential trends and technical requirements in nickel metallurgy.
The conventional smelting and refining of Ni sulfide concentrates is an effective strategy for extracting Ni from sulfide ores. However, during the smelting process, sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide (SO 2), which poses a significant environmental hazard.
Nickel: smelting; Extraction and purification; Nickel is recovered through extractive metallurgy: it is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes that yield a metal of greater than 75% purity. In many stainless steel applications, 75% pure nickel can be used without further purification, depending on the composition of the impurities.
Saprolite ores are treated by smelting, where the ore is dried and melted using energy from coal and electricity – often coal-based – to recover the nickel as an iron-nickel alloy. The iron-nickel alloy is generally used directly to make stainless steel.
This chapter discusses production of nickel matte suitable for refining to high-purity nickel from nickel sulfide concentrates. The first process is smelting the concentrates and...
Nickel sulfide ores are subjected to mineral beneficiation to reject sulfidic and non-sulfidic gangue and produce a nickel concentrate grading from 5% to 25% Ni suitable for smelting (MäKinen and Taskinen Citation 2008).
The conventional smelting and refining of Ni sulfide concentrates is an effective strategy for extracting Ni from sulfide ores.
The conventional smelting and refining of Ni sulfide concentrates is an effective strategy for extracting Ni from sulfide ores. However, during the smelting process, sulfur is …
Smelting and refining of massive sulphides begins with the flotation of ore, typically in the range of 0.2-2% nickel, to an acceptable concentrate grade of 10 to 20% nickel. Concentrate smelting produces a high grade nickel matte which is then refined hydrometallurgically.
Details of smelting and refining practice are provided for the three largest nickel producers. For completeness, other extractionprocesses involving a mixed sulphide, pellets from the carbonyl process, nickel powders, and briquettes are noted in the compendium of nickel processing practice, which includes pyrometallurgical principles.
Smelting and refining of massive sulphides begins with the flotation of ore, typically in the range of 0.2-2% nickel, to an acceptable concentrate grade of 10 to 20% nickel. Concentrate smelting …
Saprolite ores are treated by smelting, where the ore is dried and melted using energy from coal and electricity – often coal-based – to recover the nickel as an iron-nickel …
Electric smelting requires a roast- ing step before smelting to reduce sulfur content and volatiles. Older nickel-smelting processes, such as blast or reverberatory furnaces, are no longer …
The conventional smelting and refining of Ni sulfide concentrates is an effective strategy for extracting Ni from sulfide ores.
Nickel sulfide ores are subjected to mineral beneficiation to reject sulfidic and non-sulfidic gangue and produce a nickel concentrate grading from 5% to 25% Ni suitable for smelting (MäKinen and Taskinen Citation 2008).
The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, and further refined to produce
The extraction of nickel (Ni) from sulfide resources commences with flotation to produce a concentrate which is then smelted to produce a nickel-enriched phase called matte, …
This review outlines metallurgical processes for nickel production from various nickel sulfide ores resources, particularly focusing on recent developments in metallurgical …
The primary advantages of nickel sulfide concentrate smelting are the following ... The conventional smelting and refining of Ni sulfide concentrates is an effective strategy for extracting Ni ...
• Nickel flash smelting • Nickel direct flash smelting and converting (DON) • Ausmelt smelting and converting • Nickel slag cleaning furnaces • Ferronickel plant Sulfuric acid plant Effluent treatment Services Outotec Process Equipment Outotec Process Automation and Analyzers • Outotec Proscon process control system
Sulfide ores are crushed and ground in order to liberate nickel minerals from the waste materials by selective flotation. In this process, the ore is mixed with special reagents and agitated by mechanical and pneumatic devices that produce air bubbles.
In recent years, roasting and smelting of sulfide concentrates are simultaneously carried out in a single furnace. The process known as flash smelting combines the benefits of flash roasting and matte smelting. The flash smelting of galena concentrate produces lead while those of chalcopyrite and pentlandite concentrates produce high-grade matte.
Low‒nickel matte as the main intermediate product of nickel sulfide ore in traditional pyrometallurgical smelting, during this process, the valuable metals Ni, Cu, and Co have been enriched 6,7 ...
The extraction of nickel from ore follows much the same route as copper, and indeed, in a number of cases, similar processes and equipment are used. The major differences in equipment are the use of higher-temperature refractories and the increased cooling required to accommodate the …
inert anodes is the more common refining process used for nickel. Chloride electrolytes are used although sulfuric acid solutions are used more often. Waste Characteristics Air emissions Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant emitted in the roasting, smelting and converting of sulfide ores (nickel sulfide concentrates contain 6-20% ...
Smelting Vaniukov Furnace Oxide-type Nickel Ores Refining FeNi Rotary Kiln @900 °C ASEA-SKF Furnace Smelting zone Reduction zone Discarded Slag Figure 1. Flowsheet of the Vaniukov process. ... including the smelting of sulfide-type nickel ores, conversion of nickel mattes, and ferro-nickel production from laterites. Only trials of ISASMELTTM ...
7.3.3 Nickel Refining. Various processes are used to refine nickel matte. Fluid bed roasting and chlorine-hydrogen reduction produce high-grade nickel oxides (more than 95% nickel). ... In flash smelting, dry sulfide ore containing less than 1% moisture is fed to the furnace along with preheated air, oxygen-enriched air (30–40% oxygen), or ...
The conventional nickel smelting and refining is the dominant strategy for nickel production from the sulfide nickel ores. The main disadvantages are the significant amount of SO 2 emissions during smelting and complex refining processes. In this paper, the authors investigated a solid-state nickel extraction method that recovered nickel values into ferronickel …
2. Laboratory investigations into direct leaching of nickel sulfide concentrates. Laboratory investigations into direct hydrometallurgical processing of nickel sulfide flotation concentrates have been carried out in response to the technical and environmental hurdles presented by the traditional concentrate smelting-matte refining route and a number of these …
Nickel sulfide cast into anode can be directly electrolyzed to deposit nickel on cathode. The process has been successful on commercial scale for nickel but not for copper and lead. ... Worner, H. K. (1968). Continuous smelting and refining by the WORCRA process. In Proceedign of the symposium on advances in extractive metallurgy, April 1967 ...